Who is inventor of internet

Although Google has complied with the ruling, it has done so reluctantly, warning that it could make the internet as "free as the world's least free place. In May , Ukraine imposed sanctions on Russian social media platforms and web services. The blanket ban affected millions of Ukrainian citizens, many of whom were anxious about their data. The move prompted young Ukrainians to protest on the streets, calling for the government to reinstate access to platforms that included VKontakte VK , Russia's largest social network.

In , the European Court of Justice ruled that Safe Harbor, a year-old pact between the US and EU that allowed the transfer of personal data without prior approval, was effectively invalid.

In China, the use of social media is highly regulated by the government. Beijing has effectively blocked access to thousands of websites and platforms, including Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Pinterest. Instead, China offers its citizens access to local social media platforms, such as Weibo and WeChat, which boast hundreds of millions of monthly users.

Many politicians and media outlets blame Russia's influence for Donald Trump's election victory in Moscow reportedly used Facebook, Twitter, Google, and Instagram to shape public opinion on key issues. In October , Twitter suspended over 2, accounts due to alleged Russian propaganda. With social media under pressure for allowing alleged Russian meddling, Facebook announced a new project to combat such efforts in November The upcoming page will give users a chance to check if they "liked" or followed an alleged propaganda account on Facebook or Instagram.

Meanwhile, Facebook has come under fire for not protecting user data in the wake of the Cambridge Analytica scandal. Berners-Lee is due to speak at the forum on Monday.

Although the contract is not legally binding, it proposes frameworks for national laws that would protect online privacy and personal data. The WWW Foundation criticizes current laws and institutions that it says fall short of protecting citizens and preventing the abuse of the technology in society, business and politics. How we respond to this abuse will determine whether the web lives up to its potential as a global force for good or leads us into a digital dystopia.

The companies have faced criticism from civil society for their data-collecting business models, and sensation-rewarding algorithms have been blamed for spreading misinformation and violating user data privacy. Last week, Amnesty International said the companies' business models were a "threat to human rights. The system sent its first node-to-node message on October 29, , between a computer at UCLA and a computer at Stanford.

In the years that followed, engineers Vinton Cerf also known as 'father of the internet' and Robert Cahn developed a communication model that standardized data transmission through multiple networks, they called it the Transmission Control Protocol TCP and Internet Protocol IP.

The Web was originally conceived to meet the demand for automated information-sharing between scientists in universities and institutes around the world. Together with Belgian systems engineer Robert Cailliau, Berners-Lee wrote and formalised an outline of the principal concepts and important terms behind the Web. To keep it from being accidentally switched off, there was a hand-written label on the computer in red ink: " This machine is a server.

In , the source code for the WWW project was released for the public and CERN also made the information sharing system freely available to all.

These steps laid the foundation of the open and easily accessible modern-day web services. Its initial purpose was to link computers at Pentagon-funded research institutions over telephone lines.

Military commanders wanted a computer communications system that had no central core, headquarters or base of operations that could be destroyed or interrupted by an attack.

An earlier system, called SAGE Semi-Automatic Ground Environment had been developed which used computers to track incoming enemy aircraft and to coordinate military response. He spent only two years there, but his work helped to demilitarize the agency.

He emphasised interactive computing and the notion that humans teamed with computers could create a better world. Taylor had access to three teletype terminals, hooked up to time-sharing mainframe computers at Systems Development Corp. He was able to watch local users connect through these mainframes and realized that people were using them to exchange messages and share files, and that interactive communities were forming around the machines.

Taylor also realized that it would be more efficient if there were a single computer-language protocol that could allow any terminal to communicate with any other terminal. The key difference between the internet and the world wide web is that the former is the hardware part that incorporates servers, computers, devices, and other physical components of a wired or wireless internet connection whereas, the latter is a software-based virtual system, used to access the internet.

Internet Protocol IP is a set of rules that dictates how data should be delivered over the internet. This works in conjunction with the transmission control protocol TCP , which divides traffic into packets for efficient transport through the Internet.

It defines commands and services used for transmitting webpage data. More than 40, subscribers can't be wrong. The number of websites reached The White House and the United Nations were among the latest to go online. The year was a watershed year for the Internet: Microsoft launched Windows 95 and Internet Explorer, services like Amazon, Yahoo and eBay appeared, and Java was created, allowing for animation on websites and resulting in a new flurry of internet activity.

In , Nokia released the Nokia Communicator, which was the first cell phone capable of connecting to the internet. The famous dotcom bubble occurred in By , most publicly traded dotcom companies went bankrupt. Meanwhile, a young American company by the name of Google experienced a meteoric rise. In , Harvard student Mark Zuckerberg launched thefacebook. In , Apple launched its first iPhone, changing the way people use the internet forever. The following year, Apple launched the App Store with applications.

In , the number of internet users reached 2 billion. By , the number of internet users swelled to 3. It was all made possible by overcoming the apparent technical triviality of making two computers talk to each other, something that we owe not only to Cerf and Kahn but quite possibly hundreds of scientists.

More than 50 years since the internet was invented, there are still billions of people who lack internet access — something that most people living in developed countries now take for granted. In fact, the internet has become such an integral part of modern life that many scholars argue that internet access should be considered a basic human right , similarly to the global right to health and liberty.

It remains to be seen whether the service can be made affordable enough to be of use to those most in need. But the future of the internet might be so exciting that it literally exceeds the boundaries of our planet.

For more, check out the interview we did with Vint Cerf last fall in Germany on the subject. Tibi is a science journalist and co-founder of ZME Science.