When was testosterone invented

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The study of testosterone and its possible effects and uses has continued without interruption from the time of its discovery.

Some experiments sought to discover if an imbalance of sex hormones led to homosexuality. Other studies have been conducted to see if an excess of testosterone leads to highly aggressive or criminal behavior. In recent years, testosterone has been used as a treatment for erectile dysfunction and to treat men with extremely low natural testosterone levels. Testosterone was used clinically with the formation of methyltestosterone. Researchers eventually discovered this first, water-soluble, oral formulation was hepatotoxic.

Since then, testosterone has been given as an injection, as pellets implanted under the skin, and most recently as transdermal patches and gels. One of the most well-known uses of synthetic testosterone is as a performance enhancing drug. However, the more widespread use of testosterone and steroids for advantage in athletics is thought to have started in Russia during the Cold War. In , the International Olympic Committee banned the use of anabolic agents; despite this ban, the practice continued to spread.

In the s and s many German athletes, both men and women, were thought to be abusing steroids. After this period, the abuse of steroids seemed to fade into the background for a few years. Now, sports organizations and the government are trying to develop systems of detection and regulation of performance-enhancing drugs. In the s Sergio Voronoff transplanted testes from animals to men, but their effectiveness was disproven by the Royal Society of Medicine in Modern androgen therapy started when T was chemically synthesized independently in by Aldolf Butenandt and Leopold Ruzicka.

In the s longer-acting injectable T enanthate became the preferred therapeutic modality. In the s and s research concentrated on the chemical modification of androgens in order to emphasise their anabolic effects. Although anabolic steroids largely disappeared from clinical medicine, they continue an illegal life for doping. In the s the orally effective T undecanoate was added to the spectrum of preparations.

Non-scrotal skin patches followed and finally in transdermal T gels became available. The most recent additions to T substitution therapy, the short-acting buccal T and the long-acting injectable T undecanoate, also fulfil the demand for physiological serum levels.